The traditional stand-alone and grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) power systems have many problems, such as islanding and loading protection, which make PV energy difficult to apply to daily life.

• 摘要:以往独立型及并联型的太阳能发电系统，存在许多问题，如孤岛效应、负载保护等，致使这新能源无法普及于生活中。