The study indicated that the best five-spice formula is pricklyash peel 15%, aniseed 15%, cinnamon 10%, cloves 15%, fennel 8%, cardamom 7%, black tea 10%, Chinese hawthorn powder 20%.

• 五香料的最佳配方为：花椒15%25，八角15%25，桂皮10%25，丁香15%25，茴香8%25，豆蒄7%25，红茶10%25，山楂20%25。