The routes of insertion of the electrode were through the folowing veins:Right jungular vein cannula (n=16),left subclavicular vein (n=12) and right femoral vein in 8 cases.

• 经股静脉插管者2例误入下腔静脉分支，1例导管扭曲受阻，此3例重新插管起搏成功。