The reform of academic degrees in German universities and academies,which began at the end of the 1990s,has reached the last phase of the Bologna process with the collision of traditional systems and requirements of the times.

• 20世纪90年代末开始的德国高校学制改革,在传统体制与时代要求的矛盾碰撞中进入博洛尼亚进程的最后阶段。