The personalization and secularization of the City God caused urban people to consider the City God as a powerful symbol of resistance against the authority of the local officials and gentry.

• 因之城隍神在人格化形象与世俗化仪式的配合下，影响了明清时代一般百姓（甚至下层士人）观念，认为城隍神就是抗衡阳问官方或是乡绅的最佳象徵。