The penman believes that in the common laws, the reason for the exclusion of hearsay at first is its potential untruth and uncertainty, and this is also the justice foundation of hearsay rules.

• 认为在普通法中，最初传闻证据被排除的原因是由于其潜在的不真实和不可靠，这也是传闻证据规则的正当性基础。