The old gentile bodies, formed and held together by ties of blood, had, as we have seen, become inadequate largely because they presupposed that the gentile members were bound to one particular locality, whereas this had long ago ceased to be the case.

• 由血缘关系形成和保持下去的旧的氏族公社，正如我们所看到的，已经很不够了，这多半是因为它们是以氏族成员与一定地区的联系为前提的，而这种联系早已不复存在。