The objects of this paper are DMUs with multiple subsystems, and DMUs are called systems concluding a group of homogeneous operations, or different observations of the same operation.

• 本文研究的对象是含有多个子系统的决策单元(文中也称之为系统，以区别于子系统)，一组同质性的运作过程或者同一过程的不同观测点，均可称之为决策单元。