The molecular functions of these proteins have been investi-gated mostly in cultured cells.TGIF and TGIF2 have been found as transcriptional repressors that modulate TGF-beta signaling.

• 这些研究结果大多局限于表型或表达模式上的描述，而对于人类TGIF家族的分子功能特别是在发育过程中作用的认识较少。