The main issues of the present research (EMVA) aims to the lower power source needed and hybrid magneto-motive force (MMF) usage.

• 本文的研究主题为利用高磁能积永磁与线圈激磁之混合磁动势，结合低电功率之概念，开发出新型电磁式汽门机构来达到性能需求。