The global capitalist system presents a daunting challenge to the LDCs, and many have failed to meet the challenge.Aid from the DCs and the neo-liberal recipe did not help much.

• 战后国际贸易主义体系已经于绝大多数的后进国而方言，是个很严苛的考验，众多后进国失败或进乎失败了，而先进国的实质援助与新自由派的理论处方，多无济于事甚至有害。