The form and appearance, crystal type, particle diameter and unit cell parameter were measured using XRD, TEM, AFM, XPS and BET. The photocatalytic activities were examined by degradation of alizarin red in sunlight and ultraviolet light.

• 采用X射线衍射、TEM、AFM、XPS、BET等各种分析手段对催化剂的形貌、晶型、粒径、晶胞参数进行了测定和表征。