The first English Civil War (Stephen against Matilda) struck the county in 1142, when Matilda had to flee the besieged Oxford Castle down the frozen river to Wallingford.

• 在1142年第一次英国国内战争中（斯蒂芬与玛蒂尔达之战），当玛蒂尔达离开受困的牛津城，从frozen河一直逃到Wallingford之后，牛津城被军队严重破坏。