The early awakening of rationality is embodied in the folklores and dramas which are shot through with anti-despotic thoughts, as well as in the heretic talks and actions among the populace.

• 在“非君”思潮中，民歌、民谣是一支生力军，民间的异端言行，是对封建秩序的抵制和消解，启蒙思潮正是从这解构的裂隙中蓬勃滋长。