The argo-purlieu ecotone in temperate zone changes frommountainous to plain region, from temperate mixed coniferous and broad-leaf forest totemperate forest Steppe, from dark brown forest soil to black soil, from forest landscape toagriculture landscape.

• 温带农林交错带是山地向平原、温带针阔混交林向温带森林草原、暗棕壤向黑土、以森林景观为主向以农业景观为主的过渡带。