State-owned enterprises assumed important social functions without the marketing system, and they developed on the way of involution with disguised unemployment and huge social cost.

• 长期以来在市场缺失的情况下，国有企业承担了很重要的社会职能，国有企业沿着社会职能内卷化和冗员化的方向发展，并伴随着巨大的社会成本支出。