Robert Axelrod and William Hamilton analyzed the evolution of cooperation and developed the model of reciprocal altruism put forward by Robert Trivers benefiting from game theory.

• 特里弗斯提出互惠利他理论之后,阿克塞尔罗德与汉密尔顿运用博弈论方法,分析了策略在合作进化过程中的性质,进一步发展了这一理论模型。