Risk factors are old age, poor cardiopulmonary compliance, pathological fracture, osteoporosis, large amount of cement, excessive pressurization with cement gun, and a previously undis-trubed intramedullary canal.

• 危险因子包括老年人，术前较差的心肺状态，病理性骨折，骨质疏松，使用大量的骨水泥或骨水泥枪以进行骨髓腔管内加压作用，未曾被扩钻过的骨髓腔。