Not only did bankers lose many loyal customers by withholding credit, they also accidentally opened the door to a herd of nonbank competitors, who swarmed into the lending market.

• 银行不只因为紧缩信用而失去许多忠实顾客，而且不经意地敞开大门，让一大批非银行机构蜂拥进入贷款市场。