NPK flux is highest in RDA, implying that cycling intensity and recycled farmland nutrients are higher in RDA.RDA depends less on fertilizer and is therefore more friendly to the environment.

• 此外，稻鸭萍共作生态系统氮磷钾各养分循环通量也表现为最高，显示稻鸭萍共作生态系统农田养分循环强度较高，对施肥的依赖程度较低，对环境压力小。