Methods Percutaneous nephrolithotomy was applied to 21 sides of kidney stone.The scrub nurse was well familiarized with the operative procedures beforehand.

• 方法对20例21侧肾结石患者,经皮肾镜取石,术前即熟悉手术配合程序,术中对流出液进行检验,采用流出液取样的办法,准确计算失血量和灌洗液漏(或渗)出量。