MacDuffie estimates that cars made by Japanese firms routinely fetch $2,000 to $3,000 more than comparable American cars because of real and perceived quality differences.

• 迈克杜菲估计，日本企业生产的轿车通常会比同类美国轿车高出2,000至3,000美元，主要是由于实际上和感觉上的质量差异。