It is clear that laws and ordinances settle the course of future transactions and not refer to bygone matters,unless their provisions relate expressly both to a past time and matters hitherto pending.

• 法律和法规只规定将来之事物，而不管过去之事项，这乃自明之理；但是法律明确规定于迄今未决之过去事项予以适用者，不在此限。