In the 19th century the Qing Dynasty adopted a defensive posture towards European imperialism, even though it engaged in imperialistic expansion into Central Asia itself.

• 清朝在19世纪时对欧洲帝国主义的侵略采取了一种防卫的姿态，即使是在欧洲各帝国忙于在中亚地区扩张的时候。