In personal exchange, kinship ties, friendship, personal loyalty, and repeat dealings all play a part in constraining the behavior of participants and reduce the need for costly specification and enforcement.

• 在人格化交换中，亲戚关系、友关系，个人的忠诚以及重复交易在约束参与者行为和减少昂贵的说明和实施费用中起了重要的作用。