In control group, The samples were obtained from patients undergoing total joint replacement for femoral neck fracture, comminuted fracture of humeral head, tumor of distal femora.

• 对照组为无关节炎病史而因其他原因行关节置换术的患者，包括股骨颈骨折、肱骨粉碎性骨折和股骨下段肿瘤。