In both Chinese and Russian, the words denoting spatial relations are involved in grammaticalization as regards aspect, time and modality, which provides evidence for the grammaticalization theory.

• 俄语和汉语中的一些空间关系词汇积极参与着向体范畴、时间范畴和情态范畴转化的语法化进程，这为语法化理论提供了有力的佐证。