In Roman culture, the lettered writers often disdained the lower illiterate populace, but the writers were also the bottom layer of Roman society and discriminated by Romans.

• 从图书与文化的关系看，有文化的作家们是为上层社会的阅读而写作，不屑于下层民众，但作家们自身地位同样也很低下，受到社会的歧视；