Great expenditures of time, money and resources, both human and material, are wasted each year because of inefficient or nonexistent quality management procedures. The manufacturing industry has developed total quality management concepts.

• 由于效率不高或缺乏质量管理程序，每年都要浪费大量的时间、金钱、人力和物力。制造业已发展出全面质量管理的概念。