From the Crimean War in 19th century to the Iraqi war,years of war have shaped the modern media system,enlightened communication scholars and promoted emergence of new concepts.

• 一方面 ,从 1 9世纪的克里米亚战争到 2 1世纪的伊拉克战争 ,这百年来的战争“塑造”了现代传播的制度 ;