Forced air cooling is the main method used for current supercomputer cooling, but with the constantly increasing surface heat flux of chip and bulk heat flux of system, more effective cooling method must be studied and applied.

• 强迫空气冷却是当前巨型机主流冷却技术,但随着器件表面功率密度和系统体积功率密度的不断提高,需要研究和应用更加高效的冷却手段。