Finally, resonant excitation of RE samples and subsequent excited state evolutions probed with femtosecond resolution are described in terms of pump-probe spectroscopies.

• 比较样品和BBO晶体的信号的条纹，获得了稀土样品的激发态的飞秒时间分辨的振幅和相位演化，证明了泵浦光感应的相位调制引起了探测样品光透射率的显著变化。