Examples include male and female plants in dioecious species, aerial and submerged leaves, alternation of gametophyte and sporophyte stages of a life cycle, and mesophyll and bundle-sheath chloroplasts.

• 例如在雌雄异株物种中的雌性植物和雄性植物，气生的和被水浸没的叶片，生活史中的配子体与孢子体的交替，叶肉和维管束鞘叶绿体等。