During the Qing dynasty,for practical reasons,a number of books appeared in which Manchu pronunciation was explained using Chinese characters.

• 清代由于语言使用的需要,产生了一些以汉字音读满文的文献,为我们今天认识满文读音创造了很好的条件,同时也提供了清代满、汉文字读音互鉴的可能。