Das Reich had been hardened by years on the Eastern Front, but by 1944 was an unhappy unit under a martinet commander, Heinz Lammerding.

• “帝国”师在东线的几年变得十分坚韧，但1944年他们在严肃的指挥官，海因茨拉美尔丁的指挥下变得糟糕。