Centring on the reality of law, the article compares and researches the ancient civil law and the modem civil law of China from the existence of ancient civil law, the classification of object of reality, emphyteusis, lost object system, etc.

• 摘要本文以物权法为中心，从古代民法的有无、物权客体的分类、永佃权以及遗失物制度几个方面与现代民法进行了比较研究。