But many 3-D measurements only can be estimated by handiwork now, for example, the area of mitral valve, the shape and size of eyepit and the volume of tumour in medicine field.

• 但利用传统的测量方法，许多三维测量工作仅能依靠一些简单的手工操作进行估算，如在医学领域需要完成的二尖瓣面积、正常眼眶实际形状、大小以及肿瘤体积等复杂三维测量工作都是如此。