Before 1990s, narratology of classic rhetoric of fiction had dominated the academic thinking, which is represented by The Rhetoric of Fiction ( WayneC Booth, 1961).

• 韦恩·布斯的《小说修辞学》(1961)一书是前者的代表作,詹姆斯·费伦《作为修辞的叙事》(1996)的出版则构成了美国后经典修辞性叙事理论的一个亮点。