At the end of the 19th century and the beginning of 20th century, a group of American journalists and writers launched the muckraking movement aiming at unveiling shady deals.

• 摘要19世纪末20世纪初，一批作家和杂志记者通过“黑幕揭发”在美国发起一场旨在揭露社会腐败现象的新闻报道和文学创作运动。