An ancient empire of Mesopotamia in the Euphrates River valley. It flourished under Hammurabi and Nebuchadnezzar II but declined after 562 b.c. and fell to the Persians in 539.

• 巴比伦王国美索不达米亚的一个古代帝国，幼发拉底河流域。繁荣于汉穆拉比和尼布甲尼撒二世统治之时，但于公元前562年后衰落并于539。