After qin and han dynasties, the vagabonds became scholar-bureaucrats on the basis of the royal powers, and thus formed the particular political and cutural tradition.

• 秦汉之后，士大夫从先秦的“游士”逐渐转变为依附于专制皇权的“士大夫”，在此基础上，形成了独具特色的士大夫政治文化传统。