After having them differentiated and defined separately,this article holds the opinion that seaworthiness is the foundation and premise of maritime distress.

• 海难是承运人对货损主张免责最常引用的抗辩,共有3种形式,本文分别予以区分和界定,并对其构成的基础加以分析,认为船舶适航是构成海难的前提。