After defeating the State of Chu, a formidable rival, in 632 BC, Duke Wen called a meeting of vassal states at Jiantu (southwest of present-day Yuanyang county, Henan province), at which he commanded acceptance of his states as a super-duke.

• 公元前632年，在打败强大的楚国之后，晋文公召集各诸侯国在践土（今河南原阳县西南）开会，确立了霸主的地位。