About 532 undergraduates from Tianjin and Guangzhou were surveyed with semi-opened questionnaires and group testing to explore and theoretically analyse their understanding of competition.

• 以天津市和广州市532名大学生为被试,采用半开放式问卷,采用团体测试的方式,研究了他们对竞争的认识,并对这种认识进行了理论分析。