2)those with a derogatory sense outnumber those with a commendatory sense and 3)those originating from a metaphor and those from a metonymy are roughly the same in number.

• 统计数据表明,北京话认知称谓名词的特点是总量较大、贬义类远远多于褒义类、隐喻类与转喻类几乎持平、人的能力与品性等是其词义的主要来源。