由于致病的因素相当常见，再加上基因上免疫缺陷和年龄这类因素的复杂性，确定患上无论是癌症还是代谢综合病症的实际风险就非常困难。

• With hazards everywhere, plus the complications of genetic predisposition and age, it is hard for comeone to work out his actual risk of developing either cancer or metabolic syndrome.