人们开始理由充分地认为，阿拉伯伍麦叶里发王朝是征服战争完成后毫无作用的一个寄生集团；伍麦叶王朝曾于661年从麦地那迁都大马士革。

• Thus the Arab Umayyad dynasty of caliphs, which had moved the capital from Medline to Damascus in 661,came to be regarded with much justification as a parasitic clique that had outlived its usefulness once the conquests were completed.